Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentes Révision précédente Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
wiki:projets:3p024:1819:projet4 [2019/03/13 09:44] 3521452 [Journal de bord:] |
wiki:projets:3p024:1819:projet4 [2020/10/05 14:39] (Version actuelle) |
||
---|---|---|---|
Ligne 21: | Ligne 21: | ||
Voici le matériel nécessaire pour concevoir les 3 Thérémines : | Voici le matériel nécessaire pour concevoir les 3 Thérémines : | ||
+ | |||
+ | <fs xx-large> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Matériel | ||
+ | |||
+ | Utilité | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 x Arduino | ||
+ | |||
+ | Oscillateur, | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 x 10KΩResistor | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 1 x Light Dependant Resistor | ||
+ | |||
+ | Permet de visualiser le signal qui provient de la main | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 x Potentiometer | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1x Speaker | ||
+ | |||
+ | <fs xx-large> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 1 x 555 Timer IC | ||
+ | |||
+ | Permet de gérer le champ éléctromagnétique du signal | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 1 x 0.47μF capacitor | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 1 x 10KΩ Resistor | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 1 x 1MΩ Resistor | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 1 x 100μF electrolytic capacitor | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2xPhotoresistor | ||
+ | L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 1 x Speaker (small) | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
<fs xx-large> | <fs xx-large> | ||
Ligne 63: | Ligne 115: | ||
- | <fs xx-large> | + | ===== Journal de bord: ===== |
- | Matériel | ||
- | Utilité | ||
- | 1 x Arduino | + | * ** 23/01/19:** |
+ | * Première réunion du groupe: choix du sujet et de l' | ||
+ | * Recherche bibliographique et internet sur le théremine. | ||
+ | * Planification des prochaines séances. | ||
- | Oscillateur, | + | Avancement du projet : |
- | 1 x 10KΩResistor | + | ** Semaine 3/02 ** : Début des manipulations pour la création du Thérémine Arduino, mais par manque de matériel la conception est reporté à la semaine prochaine. Besoin d’un speaker pour recevoir le son de l’arduino, |
- | + | ** Semaine 11/02 ** : Liste de matériel envoyé au technicien. Nous continuons les manipulations. | |
- | 1 x Light Dependant Resistor | + | [[https:// |
- | Permet | + | ** Semaine 18/02 **: Nous avons récupérer le matériel pour la conception du Thérémine Analogique. Nous allons d' |
+ | [[https:// | ||
- | 1 x Potentiometer | + | Voici une photo du montage du Thérémine Arduino (version Sonar) : |
+ | {{: | ||
- | 1x Speaker | ||
- | Photoresistor Theremin | ||
- | Matériel | + | ** Semaine 25/02 ** : Nous continuons les manipulations afin de concevoir le thérémine analogique. Cependant suite à des disfonctionnement on à changer le matériel (capacité, résistance, |
+ | [[https:// | ||
- | Fonctionnalité | ||
- | + | ** Semaine 03/03 ** : Nous avançons dans nos recherches de la théorie physique derrière le fonctionnement du Thérémine. Nous allons de plus perfectionner le montage du thérémine analog. | |
- | 1 x 555 Timer IC | + | |
- | Permet de gérer le champ éléctromagnétique | + | Voici une photo du premier montage du Thérémine analog : |
+ | | ||
- | |||
- | 1 x 0.47μF capacitor | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | 1 x 10KΩ Resistor | ||
- | + | ** Semaine 11/03 ** : Nous continuons les manipulations pour le thérémine totalement analogique, nous bloquons sur le montage éléctronique de ce dernier. Pendant qu'une partie du groupe se charge de résoudre les problèmes de montage l' | |
- | + | Nous avons l' | |
- | 1 x 1MΩ Resistor | + | |
- | |||
- | |||
- | 1 x 100μF electrolytic capacitor | ||
- | 2xPhotoresistor | + | ** Weekend 16-17/03 **: Suite à une consultation avec un Electronicien, |
- | L' | + | |
- | + | ** Semaine 02/04 **: Amélioration de la sensibilité de notre Thérémine analogique | |
- | 1 x Speaker (small) | + | |
+ | ** Semaine 08/04 **: Nous avançons respectivement sur chaque partie du compte rendu. Maxence commence la rédaction sur le Thérémine digital (Arduino), Daria sur le Thérémine analogique, Yenni sur l' | ||
- | ===== Journal | + | ** Semaine 15/04 ** Nous continuons chacun à écrire le compte rendu, en échangeant régulièrement notre avancé et le contenu ajouté au compte rendu. |
+ | ===== Diagramme | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | \\ | ||
- | * ** 23/01/19:** | + | ===== Analog Theremin |
- | * Première réunion du groupe: choix du sujet et de l' | + | |
- | * Recherche bibliographique et internet sur le chaos, la convection et les systèmes de Lorentz. | + | |
- | * Planification des prochaines séances. | + | |
- | Avancement du projet : | + | Due to multiple difficulties in assembling our last Theremin, we consulted a professional electronic technician in order to continue with our project. |
+ | Indeed, the difficulty of the montage was slightly beyond our level, and we did well to seek professional help. | ||
+ | What resulted will be described here in detail, because it is our belief tht the solution to our problems were physically interesting in and of themselves to be presented. | ||
- | ** Semaine 3/02 ** : Début des manipulations pour la création du Thérémine Arduino, mais par manque de matériel la conception est reporté à la semaine prochaine. Besoin d’un speaker pour recevoir le son de l’arduino, | + | |
- | ** Semaine 11/02 ** : Liste de matériel envoyé au technicien. Nous continuons les manipulations. | + | We must have spent a total of 4 hours assembling and reassembling the following electronics circuit: |
+ | {{: | ||
- | ** Semaine 18/02 **: Nous avons récupérer le matériel pour la conception du Thérémine Analogique. Nous allons d' | + | Upon turning applying a current, the speaker emitted no sound. |
+ | - We ran a quick test of certain components with a voltmeter, and we hadn't burnt any of the components. | ||
+ | - We applied | ||
+ | - the amount of current that //was// running through the circuit was so weak when it came out of the OpAmp, that it could not power the speaker even if it reached it. | ||
- | ** Semaine 25/02 ** : Nous continuons les manipulations afin de concevoir le thérémine analogique. Cependant suite à des disfonctionnement on à changer le matériel (capacité, résistance, | + | Scratching our heads and cutting our losses after a few failed attempts, we consulted the electronic technician. |
+ | ** Technician' | ||
+ | Here I would simply like to include the two emails I received from the technician, including some schematics. | ||
+ | He was astonished to discover that we did not test our circuit beforehand with a simulator, as it was more intricate than the two that came before. | ||
+ | During our time together, I received a crash course in LT Spice from him, a free simulator software to test circuits before attempting to mount them. | ||
- | ** Semaine 03/03 ** : Nous avançons dans nos recherches de la théorie physique derrière | + | |
+ | Ben oui parce que avec des pf cela fait une fréquence extrêmement rapide donc inaudible. Comment as tu la fréquence d’oscillation ? | ||
+ | Avec 100nf et 1000 ohms on a presque 5 khz, a comparer avec le la 440 hz, c’est Maria Callas qui chante ? | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Avec 100nf on obtient une bonne fréquence: 500 hz | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | As we later found out, the frequencies which we were producing were not within the range of the shmidt-trigger, | ||
+ | |||
+ | What had to be done now, was to find the right balance between capacitance and resistor, that would put us within an audible range (respecting the shmidt-trigger) | ||
+ | |||
+ | **// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Before, we hadn't really consulted any data sheets of our components. | ||
+ | Having bought the standard Nand Gate and OpAmp, we paid little attention to the model. | ||
+ | There were however, some major differences. The doors and switches were at different places! | ||
+ | - Door 6 of our OpAmp (UA741) is the OUT while door 3 is the out on the MCP | ||
+ | |||
+ | Verifying our circuit board with the techinician, | ||
+ | 1. No resistance in connected to door 3 of the Nand gate | ||
+ | 2. Bad contact on door 7 of the Nand gate | ||
+ | |||
+ | Something we hadn't paid careful attention was the respective voltage limits of the components; because we were running 5V of current through the circuit, we weren' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Checking the Nand gate data sheet, we found the range of our shmidt-trigger: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **// | ||
+ | |||
+ | The final schematic that our simulation assured us would work: | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | The corresponding schmidt-trigger level must be the following in order to produce an audible frequency for us: | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | To take things slow and methodically, | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | //Initial Nand gate test// | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Our first test wielded encouraging results. | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | We then proceeded to wire the 2nd Nand Gate, the OpAmp, the Final Speaker, and the Antenna. | ||
+ | Here we ran into a problem. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Though there was a current and a frequency, we were not within the correct Schmidt-trigger values. What we had to do was toggle the Capacitor and Resistance that were connected to the Second Nand Part. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Here, the rule is that when you diminish the resistance, you must augment the capacitance BY THE SAME PROPORTION (and vice versa). | ||
+ | |||
+ | We first tried with 1nF Capacitor and 1 MOhm Resistor, but it did not produce the desired effect. | ||
+ | We then settled on 10nF Capacitor and 100 KOhm Resistor. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | The reason for which we have 1.5 khz from the first Nand Gate and 1.7 khz from the second is due to the dispersion that our components produce. They are standard issue, basic entry-level and therefore not as precisely manufactured. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Hooking up speaker, we had to be very careful with the current passing through. | ||
+ | The Loudspeaker functions as an inductive agent, which means that he wants the current to be constant. Thus, when we cut the power to our circuit, he raises the tension. | ||
+ | This can burn the OpAmp, thus we need to place a resistance on the loudpspeaker. | ||
+ | We needed to produce a total resistance of 125 Ohms in order for our loudspeaker to function. | ||
+ | Since our loudspeaker is only 16 Ohms, we added a resistance of 100 Ohms in order to have it function. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Our Antenna necessitated a reflection on capacity. | ||
+ | The higher tension, the more sensitive the Antenna. | ||
+ | Because we could only produce 5V (our components would burn if we went higher), our Antenna is not very sensitive. In fact, you have to physcially touch the Antenna to vary the frequency. | ||
+ | |||
+ | IN ORDER TO CREATE A THEREMIN THAT IS SENSITIVE TO THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD OF YOUR HAND, YOU MUST HAVE A HIGH TENSION IN YOUR ANTENNA. | ||
+ | This has radically altered our project, for if we want to produce a true theremin the financial cost will rise exponentially. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Once our circuit was operational, | ||
+ | Theory meets Reality | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | As you can see, we are in the Shmidt-trigger range we spoke of in the beginning! | ||
+ | |||
+ | So what does all this sound like? | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Having the oscillator monitoring our frequency, we can see the pitch shift in real time! | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | // | ||
+ | |||
+ | We were a little outside of our expertise when we began this final Theremin. | ||
+ | The problems we had encountered in our first 2 Theremins were marginal and quick fixes, though frustrating. | ||
+ | This simple Analog Theremin was the limit of our understanding in Electronics, | ||
+ | |||
+ | It was with this Theremin that we truly understood the mechanics behind its sound production. | ||
+ | The team acquired a bit of expertise and appreciation for electronics during this montage. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Behold the splendor of our simple Theremin! | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | // | ||
+ | |||
+ | Having generated a sound, we wondered how we could improve the frequency shifts of our rudimentary instrument. | ||
+ | One idea was to increase the surface area of the capacitance, | ||
+ | The object we devised for such a procedure involved an aluminum sheet spread out thin over an area. Two of these seperated by a layer of film creates " | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | The result was that the frequency had dropped by 500 Hz to about 1200 Hz, as seen in the picture below. | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | When Yenni squeezed the antenna, the frequency shot up to about 7000 Hz. | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | When I placed my hand onto the sheet of aluminum, the frequency shot up to 12 000 Hz. | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | By adding our bodies capacities, we've nearly doubled the frequency! | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | So what about all the frequencies in between? As demosntrated in this video below, by varying hte proximity of our hand to the aluminum sheet (without touching it this time!), we managed to acheive different frequencies. | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | We're approaching the actual theorem! | ||
- | ** Semaine 11/03 ** : Nous continuons les manipulations pour le thérémine totalement analogique, nous bloquons sur le montage éléctronique de ce dernier. Pendant qu'une partie du groupe se charge de résoudre les problèmes de montage l' | ||
- | ===== Diagramme de Gantt: ===== | ||
- | {{: | ||
- | \\ | ||
===== Bibliographie: | ===== Bibliographie: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Thérémine analogique : https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Light thérémine : https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Arduino Thérémine : https:// | ||