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Introduction - Most users of the RPi, Beagle Bone, or any other Arduino platform are probably familiar with the ARM microcontrollers used on these respective platforms. The Intel Galileo is unique in that is uses a x86 family microprocessor. ARM and x86 differ at a fundament level: the size of their instruction set. ARM is a RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing, a smaller, simpler instruction set) architecture and x86 processors are CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing, a more complex, and powerful set). Something that takes an x86 one clock cycle, might take an ARM processor three.
However, because the Quark X1000 was develloped in partnership with Arduino, it is entirely possible to download the Arduino IDE directly onto the Galileo. This will allow, in essence, to have a fully operational arduino uno R3 directly integrated onto the board. It will even be compatible with all R3 libraries and all arduino 3.3V/5V shields!
Download & Install (PC)
The Arduino IDE (1.6.0 /V1.8) can be downloaded here. Note that this tutorial was written on 16/12/2016 and all newer versions of the software can be found via a search for “Galileo Gen 2” on the intel download center webpage